The European Commission is taking Italy back to the Court of Justice of the EU for its failure to fully and completely comply with the Court's judgment of 2012 on urban waste water treatment.

The Italian authorities have still to ensure that urban waste water is adequately collected and treated in 80 agglomerations across the country out of the 109 covered by the first judgment to prevent serious risks to human health and the environment.

On 19 July 2012, the Court of Justice of the EU ruled that the Italian authorities were violating EU law by not adequately collecting and treating the urban waste water discharged by 109 agglomerations i.e. towns, cities and settlements.

Four years later, the issue remains unaddressed in 80 agglomerations covering more than six million people. These include areas in seven Italian regions: Abruzzo (one agglomeration), Calabria (13 agglomerations), Campania (seven agglomerations), Friuli-Venezia Giulia (two agglomerations), Liguria (three agglomerations), Puglia (three agglomerations), and Sicilia (51 agglomerations). According to the Commission, the lack of adequate collection and treatment systems for the 80 agglomerations poses significant risks to human health, inland waters and the marine environment.

The Commission is now calling on the Court of Justice of the EU to impose a lump sum payment of €62,699,421.40. The Commission is also proposing a daily penalty payment of €346,922.40 if full compliance is not achieved by the date when the Court issues its ruling. The final decision on the penalties rests with the Court of Justice of the EU.

The Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (Council Directive 91/271/EEC)requires Member States to ensure that agglomerations (towns, cities and settlements) properly collect and treat their urban waste water.

Untreated waste water can be contaminated with harmful bacteria and viruses and, thus, presents a risk to public health. It also contains nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorous, which can damage freshwaters and the marine environment by promoting the excessive growth of algae that chokes other life, a process known as 'eutrophication'.

Under the Council Directive 91/271/EEC, towns and cities with a population equivalent of more than 15,000 inhabitants, which discharge urban waste water into receiving waters were required to have systems for collecting and treating their waste water in place as of 31 December 2000. It follows that Member States must ensure that urban waste waters are adequately collected and treated before they are discharged into the environment.

If a Member State has not taken the necessary measures to comply with a judgment of the Court of Justice, the Commission may refer the matter to the Court of Justice. The decision on a second referral to the Court of Justice must always be accompanied by a proposal for a penalty and/or lump sum payment. One of the factors included in the calculation of the penalty payment is ensuring that the penalty itself has a deterrent effect.

The Commission said the second referral to the Court is necessary to ensure compliance in the 80 remaining agglomerations, given the very slow progress and the repeated failure to meet the pre-announced deadlines.

Other Member States (Belgium, Greece, Luxembourg and Portugal) have already been subject to penalties in similar cases - Spain has also been referred to Court for a second time and might also face fines.