A highly critical new report by the House of Commons Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee is warning that a failing water sector in which “water companies increasingly look like financial institutions rather than businesses servicing monopolised critical infrastructure” is in need of “root and branch reform”.

The MPs’ ‘Priorities for water sector reform’ report follows the Committee’s evidence sessions with the leadership of ten of England and Wales' major water and sewerage companies in 2025.

Unlike usual committee reports, it does not provide final recommendations to Government. Instead, its recommendations are directed towards the Independent Water Commission, which is due to present its proposals for reform in summer 2025.

The Committee will put their findings to Sir Jon Cunliffe in an evidence session starting at 10am tomorrow morning - click here to watch the evidence session live on Parliamentary TV.

The report says:

“The water sector is failing. During the course of our inquiry, we have heard too many examples of corporate failure and unacceptable pollution incidents. Over hearings with ten of the largest water companies and Ofwat, we regularly encountered a culture that is deaf to the crisis the sector is facing. The sector has completely lost sight of its purpose and increasingly operates as a network of financial services businesses rather than custodians of a public good.”

The report includes a number of  examples by individual companies of poor performance and corporate behaviour.

According to the Committee, some companies have “clearly attracted high-risk investors seeking quick profits”, rather than the low-risk, low reward investors that will be essential if the water sector is to improve under a privatised model. In their view, public disquiet has increasingly turned to outrage at the way water companies’ owners and executives are “seemingly benefiting from failing enterprises” responsible for natural monopolies and critical national infrastructure.

The report says senior leadership in the water sector and the regulatory system have failed to encourage investment in essential infrastructure and the long-term resilience of the sector. “Irresponsible owners, poor leadership, low investment and ineffective prioritisation have led to declining performance on a variety of metrics,” it states.

The MPs see merits in the argument that the current models of ownership in the water industry may not be bringing about the culture the sector needs. The Committee is calling for the Commission and Government to be “open-minded” about the advantages and disadvantages of different ownership models, and “not shy away” from proposing alternatives.

This includes use by the Government of its temporary nationalisation powers where “invoking them is in the public good”, although the MPs recognise the high initial costs that doing so could place on the Government’s balance sheet.

Culture, ownership, leadership and bonuses

The report urges the Water Commission to consider a variety of models of corporate ownership, which they say “could offer a better culture of responsible leadership.”

MPs want the Commission to “determine how regulators can better vet or veto potential owners of water companies to prevent bad actors from running critical national infrastructure”.

The report notes that bonuses totalling millions of pounds have been repeatedly paid to senior executives over many years, despite poor performance, which they say “seriously diminish trust” and may fail to incentivise improvement.

MPs want the Commission to consider reforms to “ensure that the right people are put into senior positions” as they call for greater oversight from Ofwat before appointments are made and bonuses are paid, as well as “clearer statutory expectations on the criteria for bonuses”.

The report states that “privatisation has almost certainly weakened the accountability of the water industry to the public”, noting that water data is often not public in practice. MPs want water companies to be legally obliged to publish performance, environmental and financial data on a regular basis.

Financial management, structures and special administration

The report today says there has been “serious economic mismanagement of companies” and calls for greater regulation of debt accumulation and debt management, saying that “a culture of relying on debt must never be allowed to arise again”.

On the issue of dividends, MPs call for safeguards “to prevent egregious dividend payments” and say that examples of excessive dividends contrasted with poor performance, are “symptomatic of a culture of profiteering over duties to regulators and customers”.

Stating that “investors need to see stable but modest long-term returns”, the report stresses that the regulatory system should “ensure that services for customers and the environment take priority”. MPs say that dividends should correlate to a company’s performance.

On the question of special administration, MPs believe it should be a last resort given the high initial cost to government but say “it is unclear whether allowing a failing company to struggle on and accumulate progressively more debt is a better outcome than assuming temporary national control more quickly, with the associated costs that it could incur”.

The Price Review Process and the regulatory environment

The Committee supports the Water Commission's focus on creating a better regulatory framework, but says “a good framework is nothing without well-equipped regulators to act against bad actors and poor behaviours”.

MPs want the Commission to ensure that data on water is as open as possible and believe that regulators should gain automatic access to water companies’ data relevant to their regulatory functions.

They say that the current regulatory system, which has not incentivised enough investment in water infrastructure, impacts both short-term resilience against asset failures and long-term water security. The report cites that, despite well-known population and climate pressures, such as drought in the South and South East, efforts to ensure future water supplies are regarded by some stakeholders as insufficient.

MPs say that if the price review process is to be retained, it needs to be reformed. They want the Commission’s proposals to result in a price review process and regulatory system that encourages better resilience, to protect customers from short term shocks and to ensure that water resources are protected in the future.

Relationship with consumers and need for single social tariff

During its inquiry, the Committee heard of instances of inadequate communication from some water companies during events such as water outages or raw sewage entering homes and was particularly concerned to hear of vulnerable customers not receiving the support they needed. MPs also say that “it is generally thought that levels of compensation after these events are too low and easy to avoid paying.”

The report urges Defra and the Water Commission to address the issues of local coordination with key bodies and communication with customers, and to consider the introduction of statutory standards to “create a customer-first culture” among water companies.

The Committee wants the Commission to make provisions to establish a single social tariff to protect low-income households and for the Commission to establish how effectively water poverty is being tackled.

EFRA Committee Chair Alistair Carmichael commented:

“The water sector has a serious culture problem. Water companies are the keepers of a vital national infrastructure. They exist to provide an essential service to the public and to protect the environment. But these primary functions seem to have been forgotten. Amidst growing public outrage at the poor performance of water companies, some companies have been paying out high dividends to shareholders and excessive bonuses to their senior executives.

“Water companies’ complex and sometimes impenetrable financial structures, with their myriad subsidiaries, holding companies and parent organisations, seem to suggest that their purpose is less to provide a good service to their customers and more to allow them to juggle their finances and their increasingly unsustainable levels of debt.

“Meanwhile, an ineffective regulatory system has failed to protect customers, the environment and the financial stability of the sector. It has failed to ensure that companies invest in essential infrastructure and it has not encouraged long-term thinking.

“This has got to stop now. Trust and accountability in the water sector are very low. It is not acceptable that it has fallen to commendable citizen scientists to expose issues with local water resources. Environmental protection and the delivery of a reliable and safe water must be the first priorities of water companies and regulators.

“We want the country’s water sector to be fit for purpose. Now and in the long-term. The Water Commission has got the opportunity to draw up the root and branch reforms necessary to ensure that the issues plaguing the sector are resolved. It must not shy away from bold proposals.”

Click here to download the full report