England’s peatlands have been mapped for the first time showing the extent, depth and condition of our peatlands - the scientific first has been made possible by satellite imagery, AI and in-depth data analysis.

The newly-launched England Peat Map is the most complete map of England’s peatlands and peaty soils to date and one’s of the world’s most comprehensive peat maps in existence. Peatlands are a critical natural resource providing essential public goods such as carbon sequestration , water purification and storage – helping protect communities from flooding.

The map models the extent, depth, and important aspects of the condition of our peat, including vegetation, and even shows gullies and man-made and natural drainage channels and has been produced using cutting edge techniques.

Researchers used AI, satellite data from the European Space Agency, individual data sets from field surveys and modelled to identify the likelihood of peaty soils, and marks a step change in the ability to make decisions about land use and target conservation activities where they are most needed.

Scientists have mapped England’s peatlands to a level of extraordinary detail never achieved before - worryingly, around 80% are in a dry and degraded state and in need of urgent action.

The map, published alongside key research, shows:

• Peaty soil covers roughly 8.5% of England’s surface
• Around 80% of England’s peatlands are in dry and degraded states, making this an area in need of urgent action
• Around three quarters of the peat is covered by plants and land use types associated with dryer conditions such as heather, while only 1% is covered by important peat forming plants such as sphagnum moss
• The most extensive peatland habitat is to be found across the Pennines, North York Moors, parts of the Lake District, and in the uplands of the South West.

The map is accompanied by Natural England's England Peat Map Project Final Report.

The findings present a worrying picture of widely degraded peat from the blanket bog most associated with the northern uplands to the lowland deep peat found most commonly in the fens of the East England.

Degraded peat also emits carbon, meaning that the peatlands are releasing carbon into the atmosphere and helping drive global heating. Understanding how much peat we have is the first step to calculating how much carbon it holds and how much it is releasing. – vital information as we work together to combat climate change.

The open source map will help land managers and key decision makers to better understand and restore the nation’s peatland– for example, blocking drainage channels to re-wet the land and support better informed decisions on how to effectively balance biodiversity and carbon storage with food security in some of England’s most fertile farmland.

Restoring the peatland will bring benefits for nature, communities, and the wider economy. Estimates suggest restoring 55% of peatland to near-natural condition will have a value of around £50 billion in reduced carbon emissions. Their value as a source of drinking water and recreation space is worth many hundreds of millions of pounds.

Natural England’s Chief Scientist Dr Sallie Bailey said:

“Trying to map something that’s largely underground, changes in volume depending whether it’s rained recently, and tries to swallow you up every time you set foot in it comes with its challenges, which makes this map extraordinary in its accomplishment and something of a global first.

“Mapping peat to this level of detail will help us maximise the benefits of peat and massively advances our understanding the role our peatlands are playing in a changing climate.”

Natural England Chair Tony Juniper added:

“The benefits of healthy peatlands are well documented - they are our biggest natural carbon stores, essential to the water cycle, and refuge to some of our rarest plants and wildlife, such as the carnivorous sundew plant, marsh violet, and charismatic birds like golden plover and curlew.

“The England Peat Map will allow us to make far better and more informed decisions when it comes to managing peatlands - targeting restoration efforts to the most degraded peat and identifying the best opportunities for nature recovery.”

Nature Minister Mary Creagh described the peatlands as the country’s Amazon Rainforest and in desperate need of restoration and protection.

The government has announced up to £400 million for nature restoration, including peatlands, and are consulting on new plans to extend the ban on burning deep peat.

“This government, as part of our Plan for Change, are committed to expanding nature-rich habitats and turning the tide on nature’s decline after years of neglect”, Mary Creagh added.

 Click here to access the England Peat Map online portal

Click here to download the final report

Click here to access more detailed accompanying information